Which component is responsible for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy?

The component responsible for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy is a motor. Motors operate based on electromagnetic principles; when electrical current passes through the motor's windings, it generates a magnetic field that causes a rotor to spin. This mechanical motion can be harnessed to perform various tasks, such as turning gears, operating pumps, or driving fans.

Understanding the functionality of motors is essential for maintenance awareness, as they are commonly used in many industrial and household applications. Proper knowledge of motors helps in diagnosing issues, ensuring efficient operation, and performing repairs or replacements when necessary.

The other components listed play different roles in an electrical system. For instance, relays control the flow of electricity in a circuit but do not convert energy types. Switches are used to make or break a circuit without transforming energy. Sensors detect changes in the environment and send signals but also do not convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Therefore, the motor is the only component among the options that fulfills the specific task of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.